1. Cov pa roj carbon (C): Nrog rau kev nce ntawm cov ntsiab lus carbon hauv cov hlau, cov khoom muaj zog thiab lub zog tensile nce, tab sis cov yas thiab cuam tshuam lub zog txo;Txawm li cas los xij, thaum cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau tshaj 0.23%, qhov vuam-muaj peev xwm ntawm steel deteriorates.Yog li, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau siv rau vuam feem ntau tsis tshaj 0.20%.Qhov nce ntawm cov ntsiab lus carbon yuav kuj txo cov atmospheric corrosion kuj ntawm steel, thiab siab carbon steel yog ib qho yooj yim rau corrode nyob rau hauv qhib cua.Tsis tas li ntawd, carbon tuaj yeem ua rau kom txias brittleness thiab aging rhiab heev ntawm steel.

2. Silicon (Si): Silicon yog lub zog deoxidizer hauv cov txheej txheem steel, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm silicon hauv cov hlau tua feem ntau yog 0.12% -0.37%.Yog tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm silicon hauv cov hlau ntau tshaj 0.50%, silicon hu ua alloying element.Silicon tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev txwv tsis pub muaj zog, tawm dag zog thiab tensile lub zog ntawm cov hlau, thiab yog dav siv los ua lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav steel.Ntxiv 1.0-1.2% silicon rau hauv cov quenched thiab tempered structural steel tuaj yeem ua kom lub zog los ntawm 15-20%.Ua ke nrog silicon, molybdenum, tungsten thiab chromium, nws tuaj yeem txhim kho corrosion thiab oxidation tsis kam, thiab tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov hlau kub-resistant.Cov pa roj carbon tsawg uas muaj 1.0-4.0% silicon, nrog kev sib nqus permeability siab heev, yog siv los ua hluav taws xob hlau hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob.Qhov nce ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm silicon yuav txo qhov vuam-muaj peev xwm ntawm cov hlau.

3. Manganese (Mn): Manganese yog ib qho zoo deoxidizer thiab desulfurizer.Feem ntau, hlau muaj 0.30-0.50% manganese.Thaum ntau tshaj 0.70% manganese ntxiv rau carbon steel, nws hu ua "manganese steel".Piv nrog rau cov hlau zoo tib yam, nws tsis tsuas yog muaj zog txaus, tab sis kuj muaj zog dua thiab hardness, uas txhim kho harden-muaj peev xwm thiab kub ua hauj lwm-muaj peev xwm ntawm steel.Cov hlau uas muaj 11-14% manganese muaj qhov hnav tsis kam, thiab feem ntau yog siv rau hauv excavator thoob, pob zeb liner, thiab lwm yam. Nrog rau qhov nce ntawm manganese cov ntsiab lus, corrosion kuj ntawm hlau tsis muaj zog thiab vuam kev ua tau zoo yog txo.

4. Phosphorus (P): Feem ntau hais lus, phosphorus yog ib qho teeb meem hauv cov hlau, uas txhim kho lub zog ntawm cov hlau, tab sis txo cov plasticity thiab toughness ntawm hlau, ua rau kom txias brittleness ntawm hlau, thiab deteriorates lub vuam kev ua tau zoo thiab txias dabtsi yog khoov kev ua tau zoo. .Yog li, feem ntau nws yuav tsum tau hais tias cov ntsiab lus phosphorus hauv cov hlau yog tsawg dua 0.045%, thiab qhov yuav tsum tau muaj cov hlau zoo yog qis dua.

5. Sulfur (S): Sulfur kuj yog ib qho teeb meem nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj xwm txheej.Ua kom cov hlau kub nkig, txo cov ductility thiab toughness ntawm cov hlau, thiab ua rau tawg thaum lub sij hawm forging thiab dov.Sulfur kuj tseem cuam tshuam rau vuam kev ua tau zoo thiab txo corrosion kuj.Yog li, cov ntsiab lus sulfur feem ntau tsawg dua 0.055%, thiab cov hlau zoo yog tsawg dua 0.040%.Ntxiv 0.08-0.20% sulfur rau hlau tuaj yeem txhim kho mach-inability, uas feem ntau hu ua dawb-txiav steel.

6. Aluminium (Al): Aluminium yog ib qho kev siv deoxidizer hauv cov hlau.Ntxiv ib qho me me ntawm txhuas rau cov hlau tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua cov nplej loj thiab txhim kho kev cuam tshuam toughness;Aluminium kuj muaj oxidation tsis kam thiab corrosion kuj.Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm txhuas nrog chromium thiab silicon tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kub-kub tev kev ua tau zoo thiab kub-kub corrosion tsis kam ntawm hlau.Qhov tsis zoo ntawm txhuas yog tias nws cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm kub, kev ua haujlwm vuam thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau.

7. Cov pa oxygen (O) thiab nitrogen (N): Cov pa oxygen thiab nitrogen yog cov khoom tsim kev puas tsuaj uas tuaj yeem nkag tau los ntawm lub cub tawg thaum cov hlau yaj.Oxygen tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlau kub nkig, thiab nws cov nyhuv yog qhov hnyav dua li cov sulfur.Nitrogen tuaj yeem ua kom txias brittleness ntawm hlau zoo ib yam li cov phosphorus.Cov nyhuv laus ntawm nitrogen tuaj yeem ua rau cov tawv tawv thiab lub zog ntawm cov hlau, tab sis txo cov ductility thiab toughness, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm deformation laus.

8. Niobium (Nb), vanadium (V) thiab titanium (Ti): Niobium, vanadium thiab titanium yog tag nrho cov nplej refining.Ntxiv cov khoom no kom tsim nyog tuaj yeem txhim kho cov qauv hlau, ua kom zoo dua cov nplej thiab txhim kho lub zog thiab tawv ntawm cov hlau.