Cov txheej txheem kub dov ua kom cov qauv nplej ntawm cov hlau ingot zoo dua, tshem tawm cov qhov tsis zoo ntawm casting, thiab compacts lub matrix sab hauv, yog li txhim kho cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov khoom tiav lawm.seamless hlau raj. Qhov kev txhim kho no yog nyob ntawm kev taw qhia, txhais tau tias cov khoom poob tag nrho isotropy rau qee qhov raws li txoj kab dov. Lub caij no, txhua qhov porosity, micro-cracks, lossis blowholes los ntawm solidification raug kaw zoo thiab welded nyob rau hauv qhov kub siab thiab compressive force. Txoj kev tsim khoom tom ntej rau cov yeeb nkab hlau seamless ua raws li cov kab ke no: billet npaj → kev tshuaj xyuas qhov chaw → tawv nqaij tev tawv → rov tshuaj xyuas → rov ua kom sov → rotary piercing → acid ntxuav → defect sib tsoo → lubrication thiab noo noo tshem tawm → kawg vuam → txias kos → khoom khov kho kho → acid immersion → passivation kho → zoo xyuas → txias txo → roj tshem tawm → kawg cropping → cua kub qhuav → sab hauv bore polishing.